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Credit Karma fined $3M by FTC for misleading consumers with credit card offers (thefintechtimes.com)
195 points by fairytalemtg on Sept 5, 2022 | hide | past | favorite | 107 comments


It’s a weird case IMO — CreditKarma played a role but it seems like all the actual harm was elsewhere.

1. The Criteria are given by the banks via 'Lightbox'. If they were misrepresenting those criteria, it seems like the harm was to the banks, but this isn't mentioned. And if they couldn’t express their criteria via lightbox and used it anyway… again it seems like that’s mostly on the banks.

2. I suspect these estimates were better than nothing, which is basically what bank websites usually give you before you apply.

3. CreditKarma isn’t making the applications. The lenders are the ones forcing a 'hard pull' before telling you if the loan is available to you.

4. The credit score companies are the ones that decided that the 'hard pulls' would reduce people’s credit score for a significant period. Why is this only a problem if they used CreditKarma?

5. The new lender is the one rejecting loan applications based on credit score changes caused by the client shopping around. Why is this only a problem if they used CreditKarma?

**

It seems like there’s a need for a 'credit lock' that absolutely tanks your credit score while you are being checked, to avoid people applying for multiple lines of credit simultaneously.

Having lasting impacts beyond that seems anti-consumer, since it means you’re penalised for shopping around.

CreditKarma was an imperfect band-aid over that, but penalising them for that seems like treating the symptoms and not the cause.


I never understood, they can get most of the data using a soft pull and pre approve, then why do a hard pull? Is it by law?


Having worked at CK, specifically on personal loans, I'm going to with Hanlon's razor here. (Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.) Not saying the fine isn't warranted, it is.

CK was a place where things were so complex (perhaps needlessly) you couldn't find anyone to explain what was going on. On this topic, you could ask people on the data team how their models worked (to determine what card or loan offers show to what users) and they seemed to have no idea, they just wanted to put the models in an AB test and see if conversion numbers went up or down.

Aside from this, there was plenty of politicking and ambitious people. Not surprised no one was really paying attention to whether or not they were running afoul of any laws. Also, I'm going to guess they made more than $3M on these mistakes that likely impacted their users' credit scores negatively.


Having worked in CK, I can vouch for the same view about the data science team. It was shocking how bad they were.


Sufficiently advanced incompetence is indistinguishable from malice, to coin a phrase; which is why many laws have an “intentionally or recklessly” clause


Both essentially come back to the same underlying idea: the egregious lack of concern.


>The FTC alleges that the company used claims that consumers were pre-approved and had ’90 per cent odds’ to entice them to apply for offers that, in many instances, they ultimately did not qualify for.

I believe CK has inside views to the models^ these companies use, and I wouldn't be surprised to find that 90% is actually very close to reality. However, I can also see why someone taking a hard credit pull would be very annoyed to be declined.

Also, Credit Karma gets paid for successful conversions, and maybe ad placement? It doesn't seem like misleading someone got them any profit.

This all around seems like a really weird thing to slap this company with - Credit Karma doesn't really directly profit^^ from getting this wrong, nor do their partners. Yes, Credit Karma screwed up, but to frame it as "misleading consumers" makes it sound a lot worse than it is.

I wonder if there is missing subtext or inside baseball that makes this all make a lot more sense. Regardless, that language does seem misleading, and I'm glad to see it be turned into something more accurate and informative.

^ they seem to have some sort of b2b platform ("lightbox"?) for letting their vendors import their models into credit karma. It's probably pretty powerful for a lender to change and simulate new model changes for targeting offers.

^^ pissing off your users while not making money is always a bad look


>I wouldn't be surprised to find that 90% is actually very close to reality

The FTC press release[1] says "for many offers, almost a third of consumers who applied were in fact denied". That's quite a ways off from 90%.

[1] https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/09/...

edit:

>Also, Credit Karma gets paid for successful conversions, and maybe ad placement? It doesn't seem like misleading someone got them any profit.

This is incorrect because misleading causes more people to apply. The people who are coaxed into applying through deception have a non-zero chance of turning into a successful conversion, which makes credit karma money. For instance, if people interested in a credit card, but they're not certain that they'll get approved, so they end up not applying. If there are 100 visitors in that situation, and credit karma lied to them, then they should expect to get 66% (based on the actual approval figures from the FTC) successful conversions (ie. profit).


I wonder if there is some selection bias going on. One hypothesis could be that the people who are financially more responsible (and thus are more likely to be approved for a new credit card) are also the people who are unlikely to apply for a new credit card just after seeing an ad in a website. Thus, credit karma ad clickers self-select to a lower success rate than what their model predicted.


I'm honestly surprised more weren't denied given that folks that have no credit for good reason would be the most likely to apply for credit.


This still seems a bit dubious—-90% of people who view the ad being qualified doesn’t mean in any way that 90% of applicants will be successful. If you have more applicants from that bottom 10% pool who click on the ad to proceed, then it would be statistically very easy to end up with a reject rate much higher than 10%.


If you reject a third of applicants, the 90% figure is obviously misleading even if technically true in some sense.


It didn’t say 30% were rejected - it said on some offers as much as 30% were rejected. Again, the models can be totally accurate in aggregate but due to random variation or low sampling show as inaccurate on one specific offer, that is just how statistics work.


If a third of consumers _should_ have been denied because they were not credit-worthy, then there were no errors. You need to look at the false negative rate, not the absolute number of people denied for financial products.


There are no "false negatives." The models implemented by the card issuers are the literal source of truth as to whether a consumer does or does not qualify for the card. Anybody who applied and was rejected did not qualify by definition.


I think the misleading part was representing it as that person specifically had 90% chances, even though 90% may be aggregated probability and this person's chances based on personal history may be much lower. Given CK does have access to personal history, one might easily get an impression that the prediction is a precise calculation based on it and thus imply more accuracy than warranted.


> The FTC press release[1] says "for many offers, almost a third of consumers who applied were in fact denied". That's quite a ways off from 90%.

The statistics don’t play out that easily - their models may be accurate in aggregate but better or worse for specific offers.


> CK has inside views to the models these companies use, and wouldn't be surprised to find that 90% is actualy very close to reality.

or the basis as is obvious is that this was a fraudulent claim. these things get researched thoroughly before they levied


I read it more as "using uncertainty" is a dark pattern and to stop it even if it's accurate. 10% of users a company with that many is a pretty significant impact to people.

I reread the article again, and it seems to me it was "pre-approved" that was the issue.

Regardless, it's good the behavior was noticed and stopped.


I doubt it - CK is funded and the FTC is underfunded. Trusting the government over private in this scenario could be perilous.


And yet it turns out the proportion of applicants not qualified was more more than 3 times higher than CK claimed, and their assertions that applicants were pre-approved turned out to be a flat out lie.


> wouldn't be surprised to find that 90% is actually very close to reality

I’d be blown away if this is the case. Credit models are carefully guarded. They’re also expensive to run. If Credit Karma could approximate the pricey model with open-source data, they’d have been bought by a bank, not a tax company.


Credit Karma has a platform for running models against their dataset, and appears to buy everyone's daily data from Equifax.

Also, Intuit is much more than a tax company now.


> Credit Karma has a platform for running models against their dataset, and appears to buy everyone's daily data from Equifax

There are a lot of people doing this. For the aforementioned reason: a cheap approximation of a credit score is valuable. Before the financial crisis, VantageScore was developed by the credit bureaus to disintermediate Fair Isaac. This work continues, and Credit Karma is far from unique in its approach or data.


But CK isn’t predicting whether you will default, but whether another lender will regard you as a good customer (where default risk is just one factor).

That’s a different problem than simply evaluating credit risk, and is much less researched — so not the same as the highly guarded credit models.


Unless they worked out a deal for impressions and not conversions. Handwaving the 90% behind some asterisk.



Yeah the linked website in the OP is basically a rehash with less details. It even has forced smooth scroll to boot.


Things I think are worth noting:

1. Intuit owns Credit Karma

> Intuit has lobbied extensively against the IRS providing taxpayers with free pre-filled forms, as is the norm in developed countries.[108][11][109]

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuit

2. Intuit owns Mailchimp. Mailchump was hacked earlier this year.

> In a scant blog post dated August 12, just two days after the company’s co-founder and long-time CEO Ben Chestnut stepped down, Mailchimp said a recent but undated attack saw threat actors targeting data and information from “crypto-related companies” using phishing and social engineering tactics. A company spokesperson told TechCrunch that 214 Mailchimp accounts were affected by the incident, which comes just months after hackers compromised an internal Mailchimp tool to access information on 300 accounts.

- https://techcrunch.com/2022/08/16/digitalocean-emails-mailch...

I don't know for sure but I believe this could have been prevented by the use of hardware U2F tokens, the cost of which is pretty small compared to the consequences of this breach, which affected DO and others.

On a personal note, I used to have bad credit, and I grew in the habit of regularly checking my credit score on Credit Karma. They used to send me emails telling me to check my credit score, that my score had fallen, or it had risen, and so on. The emails were unnecessary - it was ingrained in me to check the app on a ~weekly basis. Eventually, I realized that my score had been at an acceptable level for years, and I unsubscribed from the mails, deleted the app off of my phone, and stopped checking. In my opinion, this was predatory behavior, preying on the vulnerabilities and insecurities of people like me or people who had it much worse.

To sum up: Intuit is not a good company. They care about making a buck and don't care about the consumer; in fact they actively work against the consumer. I don't understand why the connection between Mailchimp, Credit Karma, and Intuit is not front and center in all of these articles.


Didn’t realize Intuit owned Mailchimp. It one online tool whose UX I hate with a passion. Mint comes close.

What are some good alternatives to Mint for financial account aggregation?


You Need a Budget [ https://www.youneedabudget.com/ ] is one of the few online tools I pay money for. It connects to all the major credit cards, banks, loan companies, financial brokers, and most of the minor ones too. Its budgeting system actually makes sense.

You're only allowed to budget the money you have currently in your bank accounts and you're encouraged to daily categorize the previous days transactions so you immediately know if you're spending outside of your budget. I've referred a few friends and they all turned into paying customers.

I also have a referral link that gets me a free month: https://ynab.com/referral/?ref=sO-qTzrewvE6obDI

But they give you the free month regardless if you sign up on the main site. Just something nice to do if you try out the service and like it.


I use YNAB and like it for budgeting, but it is a very opinionated system. If you’re just looking for account aggregation and reporting, Personal Capital is probably better (US only, unfortunately).


I use Lunch Money: https://lunchmoney.app/

I have a referral link as well, but use the link above if you're not comfortable with that: https://lunchmoney.app/?refer=9tdo95yk


Look at Monarch Money and Copilot. Both are designed quite well.


>> Preserve records: To help prevent further use of deceptive dark patterns, the order requires Credit Karma to preserve records of any market, behavioral, or psychological research, or user, customer, or usability testing, including any A/B or multivariate testing, copy testing, surveys, focus groups, interviews, clickstream analysis, eye or mouse tracking studies, heat maps, or session replays or recordings.

That’s quite interesting. Presumably they tried to use this as some excuse, or didn’t have the data available to enable the FTC to make a strong assessment as to how many people were presented with a deceptive offer.


I worked in an industry where we were required to use a bunch of euphemisms throughout our internal documents for just this reason - if we were investigated by the government, all of those documents would be evidence and using words like “war room” would be used as proof of (channeling the DOJ press release team) “anti-competitive actions akin to a war where the enemy would be destroyed, and the defendant would have a monopoly”.

So instead we used “team room”. The work never changed, just what we called it.


Wouldn't any judge see right through such bullshit?


Antitrust is notoriously hard to prove. It often comes down to intent. Internal documents and how the company talks about business decisions can be enough to sway minds in a situation where you’re trying to convince a judge/jury what the company was thinking.

Clearly if you’re trying to put a competitor out of business then calling it a “team room” won’t matter one bit.


Is this true? Given monopolistic consequences are structural and inevitable, it seems the law should be enforced on structure and function and not require deliberate intent.


Anti-trust isn’t black and white. The government encourage competition, but when you compete to become the only company, then it’s anti-trust.

The line is very fuzzy.


That is VERY interesting. Complying with this is probably a bigger headache than the fine.


The pattern continues onwards. Compliance orders usually have an expiration date, and companies usually go back to the same behavior after the compliance order expires. It's similar to catch me if you can except it's billions of dollars of staff and equipment and transactions.


Doesn't this conflict with California Consumer Privacy Act?


> Doesn't this conflict with California Consumer Privacy Act?

The FTC was created by the Federal Trade Commission Act [1], a federal law. That gives it supremacy over California law.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_o...


All the offers Credit Karma has presented to me have been legit, near as I can tell. I have had no complaints about their app and it has helped me to vastly improve my credit rating. I'm surprised to see this story.


Credit Karma was bought by Intuit - the makers of turbo tax who are responsible for lobbying against the IRS from supporting its own free online tax filing service. Luckily that is changing. I have little trust in Intuit.


I think they've grown, but it was a one-man company for a long time. Edit: I don't know what I'm talking about, seems like.

It's always been great, so I'm also surprised.

Glad he can afford it.


> one man company > Glad he can afford it

???

https://squareup.com/us/en/press/credit-karma-tax


> I think they've grown, but it was a one-man company for a long time.

Say what? From day one it wasn’t a one-man company, they had multiple founders from the beginning.


They have something like 2000 employees now.


Intuit bought credit karma for 8 billion. For me a parking ticket is orders of magnitude more motivation than this fine.


Can we guesstimate that fine as "days of profit" ?

one month? one year?


My guess is that they aren't profitable at all.


Credit Karma provided intuit with $475m in revenue for its Q4’22 earnings. Inuit posted a loss but I suspect credit karma was break even or slightly profitable.

https://s23.q4cdn.com/935127502/files/doc_financials/2022/q4...


I guess your suspicion and my suspicion can argue about it until there is data.


The latest 10-K breaks out operating segments. Credit Karma had operating income of 531M on revenue of 1805M.


a single credit conversion is worth $200-$400 for them, with nearly non existent marginal cost.

they do alright.


Your guess is wrong, their Q2 revenue this year was reported $444M


Revenue is not profit. Revenue - expenses is profit. You can pump your revenue as high as you want by selling dollar bills for 90 cents.


Obviously this is true but CK doesn't sell dollar bills for 90 cents.


Revenue != Profit


Yes..... and the only way a $444M quarterly revenue company "aren't profitable at all" is if their costs are >$444M / quarter. That's what my comment was getting at. Does GP really think a business like CK costs that much to run?


Fines that are lower than the financial gains may as well be stamps of approval.


I've never seen a website so successfully bypass my adblocker. Both DNS level and browser blockers don't seem to make any difference.


I believe they're self-hosting the ads, so if you can see the page at all, you'll see the ads.


Usually browser based adblockers such as Ublock Origin apply extra logic on top of domains to determine if it's an ad or not and if it should be blocked, and they're usually quite successful.


Yeah none of these are ad networks, they are literally gifs uploaded to the site's wp-content folder like a normal blog post.


They could be routinely proxying and renaming the routes for their self-hosted ad network script to fly under the radar.

Sort of what you would do to get your analytics script past UBlock.

Like, use Cloudflare worker or something to proxy your analytics script and it won't get blocked.

Just a thought, far from sure.


I have zero debt. Absolutely zero. However, I left the States soon after graduating university, and thus also have (had) no credit history there. Since I've been planning to return soon, I've been trying to build a history, so when the time comes, I can get a mortgage loan.

The process of building a credit history has been enlightening and frustrating. I'm in the tech world, as most people in this forum is as well. I make a pretty decent salary in said tech world. However, I qualify for zero unsecured credit cards. I also don't qualify for any small personal loans. I attempted to get both in order to build a credit history. I mean, I can't even get a personal loan for $500.

Nothing, nada, zilch. All I can do now is get a secured card and hold on to that for some time -- which is what I have been doing for about a year so far.

However, I am constantly, and I mean constantly flooded with emails with special "pre-approved" credit cards and personal loans. I applied for a couple and of course was rejected. Oh, and of course, when you apply for these "pre-approved" offers, they do a credit check, which for some reason has a negative impact on your credit score.

It's insane that we let 3 companies (Equifax, Experian, and Transunion) control so much of our lives, with little insight as to what their scores actually reflect. CreditKarma is just a vehicle within this sector. The entire system is broken and needs a complete overhaul.


> I've been planning to return soon

> However, I qualify for zero unsecured credit cards.

That’s normal. You don’t live in the US so American banks have zero recourse if you decide to default.

For comparison, I had a very easy time getting 3 unsecured cards back when I was a 18 year old student with nearly zero income. It also helped that I had checking/savings accounts with the same banks and years of deposit history.

> they do a credit check, which for some reason has a negative impact on your credit score

You lose a few points, but hard pulls are the smallest component of your score. You can easily apply for 6 cards (2 per bureau) every 6 months before you start getting rejected. The “some reason” is obviously because people with many hard pulls are slightly more likely to default. IMO there’s no point complaining about losing 5 points from hard pulls when you’re losing 500 points because your AAoA (average age of accounts) is zero and no bank wants to take a leap of faith with someone they’ll never be able to put pressure on.


> That’s normal. You don’t live in the US so American banks have zero recourse if you decide to default.

I'm American, and have no reason to believe the credit reporting services are aware of my physical location. This is evidenced by conversations I have had with various agencies (governmental, credit bureaus, etc.) over the past year.

> For comparison, I had a very easy time getting 3 unsecured cards back when I was a student with nearly zero income. It also helped that I had checking/savings accounts with the same banks and years of deposit history.

I've used the same primary bank for 20 years and counting.


> have no reason to believe the credit reporting services are aware of my physical location

So did you lie about your address on the credit card application? If not, that’s how the bank knows you don’t live in the US and that’s why you were rejected.

Lemme simply: Either you need credit history in the US or you need to live in the US. You fail both criteria. Maybe your rejection letter only mentions the first reason, but banks definitely issue cards (with very low limits like $2k) to students with zero history. Speaking from experience.

> same primary bank for 20 years

Then walk in there and apply for a card after you get back in the US.


You seem hostile. Not sure if it's your intention, but ease up.

> So did you lie about your address on the credit card application? If not, that’s how the bank knows you don’t live in the US and that’s why you were rejected.

I didn't lie on anything, and frankly a bit offended you would even assume such. I travel back and forth to the US, often. My home address (one of the properties my family owns, and where I lived my entire childhood) is the one I use on everything US related. It's my actual physical address in the US.

People can have multiple residences across countries. Is that "simple" enough to understand?


The models are complex and get data from many sources. If we assume they really do believe you live in the US, then it's odd for you to suddenly pop up and want a credit card with no other credit. Students get credit cards b/c they are student age and fit a risk model. It sounds like you're older.

Is your name on any of the house items like utility bills, deeds, etc...? Where do you pay taxes? How do you pay for things while living outside the US? Are you employed by a US company?

Keep in mind the people you speak to on the phone have no idea what goes into the model. They mostly read the same score/rejection that you do. My guess is the model is picking up signals you aren't in the US and that's causing the rejection.


> You seem hostile

Not my intention. IMO my tone matches your first post re “The entire system is broken”.

> It's my actual physical address in the US.

Ah I wish you mentioned that. In that case I’m not sure why you’d be rejected by every bank. My understanding is that if you don’t get auto-approved based on your credit history the bank has to use its own homegrown risk assessment which is a lot more conservative. Maybe the internal tool instantly rejected the application because your IP address didn’t match your address? Try calling and asking them (not the front line CSR, but a credit analyst that can override the software):

https://www.doctorofcredit.com/credit-cards/credit-card-reco...

https://ficoforums.myfico.com/t5/Credit-Card-Applications/Ba...


The content of your posts is not disproving that the entire system is broken.


You are being very cagey with where you actually live. "My family owns a house in the US" doesnt make you a resident. Do you pay US taxes?


The credit agencies could start requiring you to drink piss to apply for a card and folks here would immediately be talking about how that's normal and you should just refer to a subreddit flowchart for which agencies are the most watered down.


> Nothing, nada, zilch. All I can do now is get a secured card and hold on to that for some time -- which is what I have been doing for about a year so far

I started with a blank credit folio late in life. This was not my experience. It may make sense for you to speak to your bank or to a financial advisor.


I'm afraid a lot _might_ have to do with my registered address (zip code) in the States, when I try to apply. Inner city and all that.

Edit: The rejection note that I normally receive is: insufficient credit history.

To me it's a catch-22 situation. It always boggles my mind when I see 20 somethings with 10s of thousands of dollars in credit card and loan debt, while I can't even get in the door. Not saying I plan on having any debt, just that I would like the opportunity to receive a loan when I want it.


> my registered address (zip code) in the States

Are you applying from outside America? Playing devil’s advocate, a college friend skipped paying a bunch of loans by emigrating outside the reach of collectors. It informs why creditors are wary about lending to international clients with whom they have no prior relationship. Hence the advice to work through your bank and financial advisor; they know you, and that relationship builds trust.


I defaulted on debt and was in the military for a few years after 2008. I challenged my debt and won. When I started fresh I had a 500 credit score (which sounds like what you have). What I learned is that credit offers come to one of two kinds of people: people with really good credit and people with moderately shitty credit. If you have no credit then there's no offer for you. The best way I found to improve my credit was to pay bills. Things like a cellphone, rent, utilities, etc all get reported to credit bureaus.

My working theory is that this case exists because they have no data to calculate and classify risk on you with.


> When I started fresh I had a 500 credit score (which sounds like what you have).

No, when your credit history is non-existent, the free credit score sites will happily tell you it’s much higher than that (mine was reported as 720-740 when I lacked history), but you’ll still get auto-rejected for everything.

Interestingly, I emailed Arnold Kling, an economist writing about the subprime market at the time (2007) and he refused to believe that was happening, and insisted I must have some horrible default on my record. (I didn’t.)

A 500 credit score from a default is much better than having no history.

(I’m not the OP but was in a similar situation.)


Did you ever get the situation sorted? If so, any tips?


I had a financial advisor connected to a bank. I applied for a credit card there and followed up on the rejection at the number they gave. (I might have had to ask the advisor to intervene, not sure.) I got through to the CC people, they asked me a few more questions (previous employment[1]) and then approved one with a low limit. From then on I built a history.

Edit: ah, you’re the OP. Did you have that same issue, where sites would assure you you have a good credit score even as you keep getting rejected on any credit application?

[1] If they lean further on credit reports as a job applicant filter, that could turn into an even worse catch-22!


If you have the cash flow, you can get a secured credit card or secured loan, which is giving a bank the money to lend[1] back to you at no risk to them. i.e. if you give them $500 as security, they'll give you a credit card with a $500-limit, which you still need to settle like any other credit card. Most people who didn't miss payments get their security back after a year.


You've had a secured card for over a year and still receive "insufficient credit history" denials, even for basic unsecured cards?

Have you ever defaulted on a debt or something similarly bad? If you haven't, have you checked your credit reports (from all 3) to make sure there isn't false/fraudulent info on there?


That's how my journey started. I wanted to take advantage of my frequent flights (pre-pandemic), and applied for a card with travel benefits, only to be declined.

I decided to check my credit report, and noticed a default from like 5 years ago that had been sent to collections -- it was a paltry sum. Some years ago, I was in the US for a couple months for work, and got a monthly phone contract with a large mobile provider and paid for my device upfront. I EXPLICITLY chose electronic billing ONLY for the service, as I was based out of a hotel during the time.

So, when it was time to return to my country of residence, I went to the shop where I got the phone and service, and closed the account. All was well.

Fast forward 5 years, and it seems that the mobile provider had actually sent (via snail mail) a final bill to my hotel address. They didn't mention this to me when I closed the account IN PERSON. I had no idea this last bill even existed till I checked my credit report. So, since I had no other credit history -- this was the single line item on my credit report from all 3 reporting agencies.

I called the provider, pulled up my old contract (good thing I never delete emails), and proved to them that I had signed up for electronic bills only, thus they were in err. I paid the last bill, and they expunged it from my credit report. This all happened over a year ago. That negative item is no longer listed with any of the big 3.

So I don't know if this line item is still there but unlisted (I've checked my reports from all 3 in detail), and was told by them as well that the record is 100% gone, yet I still can't make any headway in loans or credit cards. The _only_ thing that makes sense is that I'm being flagged due to my physical address in the US -- high-crime, low-income inner city neighborhood.


> was told by them as well that the record is 100% gone, yet I still can't make any headway in loans or credit cards. The _only_ thing that makes sense is that I'm being flagged due to my physical address in the US -- high-crime, low-income inner city neighborhood

Hmm, you may want to check if there are other public records with respect to this. That seems much more likely than redlining. (Also, credit card companies have been criticised both ways on this—for denying credit to such neighbourhoods as well as for flooding them with offers.)


> I'm afraid a lot _might_ have to do with my registered address (zip code) in the States, when I try to apply. Inner city and all that

It’s not, a lot of us have had credit cards and “bad” zip codes / addresses. You just don’t have verifiable W-2/1099 income.


So they way to do this - and what I did - is to not apply for anything other than a store card, e.g. Target, they gave me $300 credit - and use it regularly. After a year you’ll be able to get a regular credit card from your bank. Make sure to use it regularly, never make a late payment, and your credit rating will increase.


I got an AMEX Platinum Card with no US credit history and no SSN. It was my first US credit card but I'd had a lower tier AMEX card since 2006 in the UK, and AMEX will consider your history with them in other countries if you have no history in the US. 6-12 months after moving to the US and with a newly acquired SSN and no late AMEX payments, I was able to get the Chase Sapphire Reserve card and the Apple Card, which apparently require excellent credit. It's not as hard as you make it out to be


It's exactly as hard as I have made it out to be _for me_. I don't know what else to tell ya.

Here's a fun read from DHH: https://twitter.com/dhh/status/1192540900393705474


The banks don't just look at your credit score. They want you to be able to repay, and to be able to collect if you default. A regular job in the US, or 2 years as an independent contractor or self employed would qualify you for an unsecured credit card without a cosigner at most banks and credit unions.

One trick if you have family that trusts you is to have them add you as an authorized user. Then their multiple year old account history for that account will be part of your credit, bringing up the average age


> their multiple year old account history for that account will be part of your credit, bringing up the average age

Sorta. The most popular credit score (some version of FICO) ignores authorized user accounts so this doesn’t improve AAoA nor credit utilization. I guess too many people were taking advantage of this hack back in ~2012 lol.

I suspect it’s still useful for initializing a credit report so you don’t get stuck having to verify your identity/address and improves your odds with the bank’s internal risk assessment.


Fair isaac 08 and other newer scores no longer factors in authorized users. But 2, 4, 5 are what federal law requires lenders use for mortgage approval for most loans, they haven't approved the newer scores yet. https://www.fhfa.gov/PolicyProgramsResearch/Policy/Pages/Cre...


Do you plan to buy a car? A car loan will establish your credit history. Car lenders will lend to anyone because they can always repossess the car.

If you could buy a car with cash, take out a auto loan at any interest rate. Pay off the entire balance except $1. You’ll have no balance due each month, but each payment will be recorded as having been made on time. Then pay off the last $1 in the last month.

Double check to whether this actually works, I haven’t done it and I’m just regurgitating something I saw in Reddit. Also make sure there’s no sort of prepayment penalty on the loan.


Your first paragraph is largely true if you're able to make a down payment (your car depreciates a ton as soon as you drive it off the lot, lenders will be much more willing to lend if amount of the loan is less than the value of the car sold _used_).

The second is close to true, but you should actually leave a little over one month's payment, not $1. This SE answer explains it better than I ever could: https://money.stackexchange.com/a/59311 (ignore the "Accepted" answer which contains awful advice).


> ignore the "Accepted" answer which contains awful advice

Yep. I love how the accepted answer with 130 votes totally ignores how credit scores work. I suppose it would be excellent advice if the OP never intends to get a home/car/cards and is too mentally impaired to handle a $1 loan.


Do you have any idea having two new car loans improves your credit score any more than having one new car loan? OP might have enough income / savings to not be bothered at the idea of buying two new cars (they don't have to be Bentleys, people take out loans on Civics too).

My gut says that having two of the same age wouldn't be much/any better than one, but then again it's the credit industry and my intuition has bitten me in the past.


Basically, yes: the returns are diminishing.

There are two types of debt (for the purposes of your credit score): revolving (you regularly borrow money and pay it back, like a credit card) and fixed (you borrow a lump sum and make regular payments).

Just having any type of fixed debt at all (car loan, mortgage, even a personal loan) is a huge boost to your score. Thus, a second car loan will make much less of an impact because OP would already be getting this boost from their first loan. (Similarly, having any type of revolving debt at all provides a boost, so for anybody new to the credit score game try to get any shitty credit card that will approve yoy and buy at least one thing with it each statement).

On top of that, getting approved for a second car loan (at the same time) is wayyyy harder than the first. I have no idea why this is, as the economics should be the same, but maybe lenders have some data that shows people with two car loans are more likely to default or something.

I generally wouldn't recommend this strategy to OP unless they were already going to buy a second car for a spouse/family member/etc. Cars depreciate very quickly even if you don't use them at all and the score boost won't be very big.


I am a grad student in the US and know several international students who qualified for unsecured student credit cards less than a year after first entering the US, with just a part-time student job as income.


Is there someone who lives in the US who can co-sign with you? It shouldn't be surprising that people who don't live in the US have trouble getting unsecured credit in the US. Creditors want to at least have the option of suing if there's a default. Suing someone who doesn't live in the country is a lot more complicated.


I'm American and 90% of my banking/bill payment is done on the US side. I still get plenty of snail mail to my US address, as well. I don't think the credit reporting agencies are aware of my physical location.


Is your snail mail address an actual residence, or is it something like a PO Box?


Actual residence. Childhood home.


So your mistake is thinking, they have trademarks, they're American, they have documents are well formatted, no type-os, the advertise, they're incorporated, and more than anything they have money.

But it's not like similar industries.

It's the industry of treating you like shit. You are biomass to them, they want 20% interest while paying 1% interest (like two years ago), you can't compare saying it's a 19% spread what it is is the 18th power of the interest they pay. That's very abnormal historically, most usurers in the Middle Ages getting the whole town to kill them for their avarice had much skinnier spreads. 18th power is very unusual. Stretches out their time by a factor of 18. It's like street businesses, like crack dealing or pimping, which perpetually insult the people who are the foundation of their wealth.




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